[TamilNet, Saturday, 04 February 2012, 12:05 GMT]
February 4th, the day Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) got so-called “Independence” from Britain in 1948, is a day for action, not regret or mourning. “The betrayal of the Tamils by the British cannot be ignored. If it is, then Britain must be reminded of its moral, legal and ethical obligations, to ‘do the right thing’, by the Tamils even belatedly,” says Dr. Brian Senewiratne in an article he has authored on the so-called independence of Ceylon on 04 February 1948. “It is no exaggeration to say that on 4 February, 1948, ‘Independence’ was granted to the Sinhalese to do what they wanted to the Tamils. Britain could not care less, as long as the military bases were secure and the (British) tea estates remained under Sinhalese capitalist control, to supply tea at absurdly low prices to fill the British cup.”
“The Tamils are not going to get justice, any more than black South Africans were going to get justice from those who ran the apartheid regime. Justice will have to be extracted from a brutal, barbaric, ruthless, totalitarian regime. It cannot be negotiated, as Neville Chamberlain learnt in dealing with Hitler,” he further writes putting forward an action plan on February 04.
Full text of the article written by 80-year-old Dr. Brian Senewiratne, a Sinhala member of the Bandaranaike family and a long-time defender of the Eezham Tamil cause, follows:
Sri Lanka. ‘Independence’ day. A day for action, not mourning.
Brian Senewiratne
Australia
Dr Brian Senewiratne
February 4th, the day Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) got so-called “Independence” from Britain in 1948, is a day for action, not regret or mourning.
The British irresponsibility
Of all the irresponsible acts of the colonial British in Sri Lanka, by far the most serious was leaving the country in the hands of the Sinhalese majority. If Britain was the cause of the problem, then it has to be part of the solution. To support the blatantly anti-Tamil Sri Lankan government, is to compound the problem, not to resolve it.
It is absurd to claim that the British were unaware of the anti-Tamil stance of the Sinhalese ‘leaders’ such as D.S. Senanayake, leader of the United National Party (UNP), who took over from the British. Senanayake’s anti-Tamil stance (and actions) was clearly evident. This included altering the demography of the Tamil East by relocating Sinhalese from the South to make places like Amparai, a Tamil area, into a Sinhalese area.
Sinhalese leaders have never been inspired by any desire to create a common nationalism out of ethno-religious diversity. They peddled the Sinhala-Buddhist jingoism of blatant anti-Tamil propagandists such as Anagarika Dharmapala, based on an exaggerated vision of the Sinhalese past.
It is important to focus on this ethnic intolerance since this is what is happening today more so than it ever has, and has to be addressed.
Anagarika Dharmapala was a confused, quixotic Buddhist with a crusading missionary zeal. He even renamed himself for the purpose. Originally Don David Hewawitarne, he took on the name “Anagarika” (in Pali “the homeless one’), “Dhamapala’ (guardian of the doctrine). His propaganda was based on distortions, half-truths and blatant lies, peddled as historical evidence of the glories of the ancient Sinhalese.
A single example will suffice. In 1911, Dharmapala proclaimed “The Country of the Sinhalese should be governed by the Sinhalese”. In his view, the Tamils and others had no place in Sri Lanka. Every Sinhalese leader has peddled this ethnic chauvinism with increasing virulence, to get the electoral support of the Sinhalese majority (74% of the population). The British were well aware of this. Indeed concerns about the plight of the minorities were raised, not once but twice, by those in the British Colonial Office before Independence was given.
All that Britain did was to insert just one ‘safe-guard’ clause, Section 29 (2) (b) and (c), that no law shall impose any disabilities, or confer any advantage, on members of any one community. There were no penalties or consequences if this was violated (which it was, in full view of the British Governor of ‘Independent’ Ceylon).
Within a year of Independence (1948), legislation was passed to disenfranchise and decitizenise a million Plantation Tamils, a seventh of the population at the time, in one of the worst acts of political vandalism in the world. What did Britain do? Nothing.
In 1956, systematic discrimination against the ethnic Tamils started (and progressed).
As pogrom after pogrom against the Tamils continued, ending in the genocidal killing of the Tamils in the North and East in 2009, what did Britain do? Support the murderous Sri Lankan Government, even supplying the necessary weapons and expertise.
Now with the ‘slow extermination’ of the Tamils in the North and East, what is Britain (and the USA) doing? Taking part in the fire-sale of the Tamil areas and attempting to exclude China’s increasing foothold in Sri Lanka, so essential for the control of the economically crucial Indian Ocean.
It was an Englishman, George Turnour who in 1826 had a manuscript delivered to his office in the Sinhala South. This was The Mahavamsa , which he had translated into English and widely distributed. Regarded as a major historical discovery, it is, in fact, what I have called ‘The textbook of Sinhala supremacy”. To be fair by the author, a Buddhist monk, it was written “for the serene joy of the pious’, not as a record of history. It glorifies the Sinhalese as protectors of Buddhism and saviours of the nation, and derides the Tamils as invaders, vandals, marauders and heathens. It is this ‘Mahavamsa mind-set’ of the Sinhalese that has prevented any form of justice for the Tamil people. Immeasurable damage has been done by this single document to ethnic relations in Sri Lanka.
Anagarika Dharmapala’s ethnic chauvinism of 1900 (“the Country of the Sinhalese should be governed by the Sinhalese”), was faithfully reproduced a century later. Army Commander Sarath Fonseka in an interview to the National Post newspaper in Canada on 23 September 2008, said, “I strongly believe that this country belongs to the Sinhalese. We being the majority, will neve give in. They (the minorities) can live in this country with us. But must not try to under the pretext of being a minority, demand undue things”
Fonseka does not need to give ‘permission’ for the Tamils to live in Sri Lanka. They are there because they were born there and have a right to be there.. They do not need to pretend to be a minority, they are a minority. What are the ‘undue things’ they demand? To have their basic human rights protected, not to be discriminated against, not to be raped, tortured, or ‘disappear’, and not to be non-people whose very existence is in doubt.
All this is well-known. If it is not, a comprehensive Report has just been tabled in the Sri Lankan Parliament Situation Report: North and East on 21 October 2011, which sets out what the Rajapaksa junta is doing to the Tamils.
Britain’s only concern is, and has always been the geopolitical, strategic and economic gains, not human rights. It is not widely known that on the eve of transfer of power, the British and the Sri Lanka (Ceylonese) governments signed a “Defence and External Affairs” agreement of serious importance. In exchange for ‘Independence’, Britain would give military assistance to Sri Lanka, and would be permitted to station and have bases for its army, navy and air force in Trincomalee, Colombo and Katunayake.
The situation is no different now except that the international players and their ruthlessness have increased markedly. I refer in particular, to China, which is making Sri Lanka into a Chinese colony.
In the dozen dvds I have recorded and distributed worldwide, I have said that there are two ’wars’ going in Sri Lanka. One between the Sri Lankan (Sinhala) government against the Tamil people to force them to accept Sri Lanka as a Sinhala-Buddhist nation. The other, at a different level, between China, India and the USA for a foothold in Sri Lanka for the control of the Indian Ocean. Instead of China, can be inserted China, Korea, Japan. Instead of India, it is India and Pakistan. Instead of USA, it is USA and UK.
The Tamil political leadership are no less to blame. Had they not joined hands with a blatantly anti-Tamil Sinhalese leadership to present a ‘common front’ to the colonial British, there would have been no Independence. The Tamil political leadership continues to be a problem rather than the solution.
The same goes on today. The longer the Tamil politicians (the Tamil National Alliance) engage in futile non-productive and meaningless talks with the Sri Lankan regime, more will be the damage done to the Tamil people. These endless talks only allow the Sri Lankan regime to claim that it is ‘negotiating’ with the elected representatives of the Tamil people. It is doing nothing of the sort. Nor has it since day one. These are only ‘pretence’ talks to keep the international community, in particular, the ‘aid-givers’, happy.
It is no exaggeration to say that on 4 February, 1948, ‘Independence’ was granted to the Sinhalese to do what they wanted to the Tamils. Britain could not care less, as long as the military bases were secure and the (British) tea estates remained under Sinhalese capitalist control, to supply tea at absurdly low prices to fill the British cup.
The very least that the departing British could have done was to leave a Federal set-up, or even what existed for centuries before their disastrous 1833 Colebrooke-Cameron ‘Reforms’ that unified what was divided, and centralised power in the Sinhala South. However, as has been stressed, the British could not care less about what happened to the minorities under Sinhalese majoritarian rule. They were only concerned about holding on to military bases and a guaranteed supply of tea.
The betrayal of the Tamils by the British cannot be ignored. If it is, then Britain must be reminded of its moral, legal and ethical obligations, to ‘do the right thing’, by the Tamils even belatedly.
Action
As I have said, this is not the time to ‘express regret’ at what has happened to the Tamils in 1948, but a time for positive action.
Tamils, and those of us, non-Tamils, who support the right of the Tamil people to live with equality, dignity, safety, and now to live at all, must draw up an action plan. One thing is certain – to negotiate with the Rajapaksa regime for an acceptable deal for the Tamils is impossible.. Those who believe otherwise, are not living in the real world.
The Tamils are not going to get justice, any more than black South Africans were going to get justice from those who ran the apartheid regime. Justice will have to be extracted from a brutal, barbaric, ruthless, totalitarian regime. It cannot be negotiated, as Neville Chamberlain learnt in dealing with Hitler.
I will set out an ‘Action Plan’. This is not an attempt to reinvent the wheel but to set out what has been done (successfully) in handling other barbaric regimes, such as the one in Apartheid South Africa. When I use this analogy it is pointed out that the situation in South Africa was different, in that a small minority of whites were oppressing a vast number of blacks. I stand by my comparison in the Sri Lankan setting. It is a tiny number of Sinhalese (the ruling Rakapaksa junta) that is oppressing the vast number of Sri Lankans, be they Tamil, Sinhalese or Muslims. So the comparison is perfectly valid.
- Isolate the Sri Lankan regime until it delivers an acceptable solution. This is exactly what was done in South Africa.
- Organise and conduct a total boycott of all goods and services in and out of Sri Lanka. This must be comprehensive, with no exceptions. Tourism, sport, investment, loans, and support in every area must be targeted. I am not claiming that this will be easy. Any more than it was in dealing with the much more powerful South Africa. In fact it is much simpler since we are dealing with a regime on the verge if bankruptcy which relies on regular bail-outs for survival.
- Trade Unions across the world will have to be informed of the brutality that is being unleashed on the Tamil people, and to urge them not to load or off load goods to or from Sri Lanka.
- Tourist companies must be approached and urged to take Sri Lanka off the tourist destinations, and that there are other better, cheaper, and even safer, places to spend a holiday, than the blood drenched beaches of Sri Lanka. Every tourist dollar goes to supporting a brutal totalitarian regime that is guilty of horrendous atrocities and a gross violation of basic human rights.
- Make it impossible for the members of this regime to visit countries without a massive protest. The British Tamils showed what can be achieved when President Rajapaksa tried to visit Oxford University in November 2010. Not only did the Oxford Union withdraw the invitation, but Rajapaksa and his goons had to flee the country before they were charged. Rajapaksa should only be able to visit China and Russia.
- File legal action against the perpetrators of crimes against humanity and take them to the International Criminal Court. Can this be done? Yes it can. Already there are charges filed in the US and in Europe. More must follow. Some of these criminals are now Sri Lankan Ambassadors. They must be sent back as was so successfully done to the Sri Lankan Ambassador to Germany, Switzerland and the Vatican, Jagath Dias, in 2011.
- Stop hallucinating that the United Nations or even the UN Human Rights Council will act. They will not, they never have. The UN is a talk-shop, it is and has always been a talk-shop. The UN Secretary General Ban ki-Moon has his own agenda. Justice to the Tamil people is not on his agenda. What is going on in Sri Lanka is our problem. To expect the UN to deal with it is totally unrealistic. It will not happen. Despite the most damning Report by Ban ki-Moon’s Panel of Experts, he has done nothing, and will not do so.
- Insist on a Referendum in the Tamil area to see what the Tamil people want. This was done in East Timor. There is no reason why it cannot be done in Sri Lanka.
- Target the Plantation Tamils in Sri Lanka. If they down their tools, the Sri Lankan regime will collapse in a month.
- Target the Sinhalese people (members of my community) in the South and point out the problems and hazards of living under a totalitarian regime. The guns that were turned on the Tamils, will now be turned on the Sinhalese. That is what Totalitarian regimes do. It is critical to realise that the Tamils in Sri Lanka can achieve nothing without the help of the Sinhalese. Will the Sinhalese act? Yes they will, not because of any love for the Tamil people but for their own survival. As the International Monetary Fund turns the screws, it is the working people who always pay the price. This is already happening to the Sinhalese..
- Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and the International Crisis Group must be supported. They are groups with the necessary ability and experience to take on brutal regimes. They have done it before, and have succeeded. Their unrestricted admission to all parts of Sri Lanka, not just the Tamil areas, must be a non-negotiable demand. Until that is done, the sanctions should go on.
- The R2P (Responsibility to Protect) will have to be applied, since the people of Sri Lanka, the Tamils in the North and East in particular, are not being protected by a ruthless government. R2P allows for armed intervention, if necessary. Words must mean something, and if R2P is to have any meaning, it has to be applied. If it is not, it will lose credibility.
- Some international power has to take on the Sri Lankan regime. Canada already has. Britain must be forced to, if only because of the betrayal of the Tamil people by the colonial power which I have already set out.
To look at what is going on in Sri Lanka as a fight between the Sinhala government and the Tamil people will have to change. It is a fight between all the people of Sri Lanka (irrespective of ethnicity) and a totalitarian regime whose entire objective is to remain in power and to rob and rape the country, and do as it wants to whoever they want, with no accountability, or a price to pay. Unless this critical concept is transmitted to the Sinhalese people, however difficult this might be in practice, this murderous, corrupt and incompetent regime will go on for the foreseeable future, with appalling damage done, not only to the Tamil, Sinhalese and Muslim people, but to the country as a whole which is fast heading to be a Failed State,
There is a serious lack of leadership, both in Sri Lanka and among the expatriate community. Where the Sinhalese in Sri Lanka are concerned, there have been no leaders. As I have said earlier, Sinhalese politicians have developed the ability to peddle Sinhala-Buddhist jingoism rather than to lead a nation. This has steadily and dramatically got worse. It is not something that is likely to change. Over the years they have produced a large number of politicians but not statesmen. At the moment, the Sinhalese can barely find a politician to lead the Opposition, as a result of which President Rajapaksa and his cronies can do what they want.
Just four days before the 2010 General Election, an editorial in a leading Sri Lankan newspaper, set out the options facing Sri Lankan voters. In one of the most accurate descriptions of the vast majority of Sri Lankan politicians, the editorial was blunt:-
“None of the individual contenders, political parties or opportunistic coalitions are worthy of our respect or our vote. Together they comprise the most mind-boggling array of crooks, thugs, conmen, hypocrites, unprincipled racists, rapists, drug dealers, money launderers, and general all-round scum that is without parallel elsewhere in the world. Other nations have their share of such undesirables, no doubt, but among them are a handful of honest, sincere, principled folk who have distanced themselves from the corrupt majority. Not so in miserable Sri Lanka.”
These are the leaders in Sri Lanka.
The Tamils are no better. Their leadership has been abysmally poor. Their politics have consisted of making fiery speeches in parliament (which no one listens to), followed by a drink at the local watering hole where they socialised with their Sinhalese counterparts. Not surprisingly, the Tamil people have had a raw deal.
The expatriate community are no better. I can speak only of the expatriate Tamil community with whom I have worked for some four decades. There are simply no leaders who are worth talking about, and the situation is becoming worse.
There most certainly is not going to be a Mahatma Gandhi, in Sri Lanka or abroad, to rescue the people from tyranny and injustice.
If there are no leaders, and none that are likely to appear, it is going to be left to us (;us’ meaning the Tamils and those who support their cause), as was the situation in Gadaffi’s Libya and the other countries in the Middle East ‘Spring’. The people will have to rise.
We in the outside world can only assist and support such action. That violence will be unleashed by those in power is a certainty. That is what totalitarian regimes do. They are politically and administratively bankrupt, and have only violence as an answer to all problems.
The ultimate responsibility falls on us – not on the Tamil people in Sri Lanka, who have no voice or power. If we do not act, the blood of the Tamil people will be on our hands – whether we are Tamils, Sinhalese, or non-Sri Lankans. This is not an ‘internal affair’ of Sri Lanka, anymore than Apartheid was an internal affair of South Africa. If we do not act, the Tamil people in the North and East will be extinct, the end of a ‘slow genocide’ from hunger, starvation, lack of medical care and suicide.
The British are to blame for part of this mess, but Sri Lankans have had more than six decades to sort out what they want their country to be. If they want to make it a country run by thugs, crooks and murderers, where only the ruling elite survive and all the rest are ‘disposable’, that is their choice.
I recently lauched a book, Black July ’83: Indictment by I.T. Sampanthan (London). In one of the articles, Professor Kopan Mahadeva wrote “President Mahinda Rajapaksa alone holds the key to lasting peace”. I would have put it differently, “President Rajapaksa and his junta holds the key to Tamil Eelam and have more than justified the absolute need for this”.
As a 10 year old schoolboy, I had just studied the Colebrooke-Cameron ‘Reforms’ introduced by the British in 1933 for their administrative ease. I had no idea what the practical consequences were to the country. I doubt if my history teacher did either. I was about to find out. My parents decided to drive up to Jaffna in 1942, taking me with them. We drove North past Vavuniya, heading for Jaffna.for the first time in our lives..
I was devastated by what I saw.- the sheer underdevelopment and neglect of the area was staggering, in striking contrast to Colombo which I had just left., I told my parents, one of them the first cousin of S.W.R.D.Bandaranaike, that until this area is separated from the Sinhala South, this area will never develop or be allowed to make the obvious contribution that a hardworking people could make to the economy of the country. Now some 70 years later, I am even more convinced that what that 10 year old Sinhalese boy said in 1972 was absolutely correct. As an 80 year old, I am absolutely convinced that until these two nations are separated, and the damage done by the colonial British is reversed, there will neither be peace nor prosperity in Sri Lanka.
4 February 2012
